Lithium Battery Not Charging: How to Fix This Issue?

Out of so many batteries available on the market, lithium batteries have a special place. The reason why millions of people have shifted to lithium batteries (especially in the past few years) is their longer lifespan, higher energy density, and enhanced safety. However, adding these batteries to your power systems does not mean that you won't face any issues.

If you are facing an issue with a lithium battery not charging, don't be worried, as you are not alone. Millions of others worldwide experience the same issue. Encountering such charging problems with batteries can be inconvenient and frustrating. But don't worry, as this article will help you understand the potential reasons why lithium batteries don't charge and how to fix this problem effectively.

Common causes of lithium battery not charging

Before getting into the specifics of how to fix a lithium ion battery that won't charge, let's first explore the common reasons behind this issue.

1. Insufficient charger voltage

If your lithium battery won't charge, you will not be able to get the maximum out of its capacity, and insufficient voltage coming from the battery charger can be the leading reason behind this issue. Different battery chargers are designed to charge different batteries; therefore, you can't use one charger to charge multiple batteries.

If you have connected your lithium battery to a charger that does not supply the desired output voltage, the battery won't charge properly. To deal with this problem, you can use a charger that delivers the correct voltage output to charge a specific lithium battery. Try using the one that perfectly matches your battery's chemistry.

2. Faulty/damaged charging ports or cables

If you have the correct charger but your lithium battery is still not charging, damaged or faulty ports or cables can be the problem you are experiencing. Keep a close eye on the charging ports or cables and see if there are any signs of wear or damage.

If you find an issue with any of these two, repair the port or replace the charging cable to establish a seamless connection between the battery and the charger to ensure safe and smooth charging.

3. Battery's built-in protection mechanism

Many lithium batteries come with built-in protection circuits that are designed to prevent them from low temperatures and over charging issues. For example, batteries, like the Renogy Smart LiFePO4 Self-Heating Battery, are equipped with low-temperature and other protection mechanisms.

If these protection systems are enabled when not needed, you may experience the lithium battery not charging issues. However, these sort of protection systems enhance the battery's lifespan and ensure greater safety.

4. Battery or charger overheating

High temperatures can negatively affect the charging process of lithium batteries. Therefore, if the charger or battery becomes too hot while charging, it won't be able to charge efficiently.

This is why the experts recommend storing your lithium batteries in a well-ventilated space to avoid or minimize overheating issues. In addition, avoid exposing your lithium batteries to direct sunlight.

Though lithium iron phosphate (LiFePO4) batteries offer exceptional thermal stability compared to other lithium batteries on the market, they are not fully immune to the negative overheating effects.

Troubleshooting tips for lithium battery not charging

Now that you know the common causes of why lithium batteries don't charge properly. It is time to learn some troubleshooting tips to make your batteries return to their original state. Let's look at the steps you are required to follow one by one.

Step 1: Check for under-voltage protection

First of all, measure the open-circuit voltage of your lithium battery. If it is lower than 10V (for a 12V battery) or 20V (for a 24V battery), it is a clear indication that your battery won't charge, as it is in under-voltage protection.

If this is the case, make sure the temperature is above 41°F (or 5°C), disconnect all terminal connections, and use the right charger to take the battery's voltage above 12.4V (for a 12V battery) or 24.8V (for a 24V battery).

If you notice that your lithium battery is not in under-voltage protection, you can simply move to the next troubleshooting step.

Step 2: Look for other protection mechanisms

You can use various battery status monitoring applications to check if over-current, low-temperature mechanisms or other similar protections are enabled. They could prevent lithium batteries from charging properly. If these protections are activated, try turning these options off. You can move to the next step if you find that no BMS protections are enabled.

Step 3: Verify the charger/charging parameters

Don't forget to inspect the parameter settings of your battery charger. You can check the documents or manufacturer instructions that come with the charger. If you notice that these parameters are mismatched or incorrect, take the desired actions.

If the charger parameters are correct, all you need to do is check the charger for malfunction. If the charger malfunctions, take the necessary actions. But if the charger is operating properly, move next.

Note: If the steps above don't show any issue, there may be a product fault with your battery. There is a need to evaluate whether it is due to a quality defect or misuse.

Step 4: Avoid deep discharging

Whether you have stored the lithium battery or it is in regular use, make sure it is not discharged deeply. If you don't charge the battery when needed, it may experience deep discharge issues, which can cause damage.

If you plan to store the lithium battery for an extended period, be sure to charge it every 3 months to maintain its charge level. Moreover, make sure the battery is at least 50% charged at the time of storage. It is even better to store the battery when it is fully charged.

How to fix a lithium-ion battery that won't charge?

If you are searching for how to fix a lithium ion battery that won't charge, follow the steps below.

1. Reset the BMS

Some batteries offer built-in Battery Management Systems to regulate their charging and discharging processes. If you reset the BMS, it may help you solve the issues with a lithium battery that won't charge. To perform this action, discharge the lithium battery completely and then charge it fully without any interruption.

2. Check the port or charging cable

Inspecting the charging cables, such as bent connectors or frayed wires, may also solve the issue. At the same time, don't forget to examine the ports for obstructions or debris. Use a soft brush or compressed air to clean the charging port. It will help you establish a good connection and restore the charging feature.

3. Perform a hard reset

Performing a hard reset for your lithium-ion batteries, sometimes, may do the job. It involves three steps: turn the device off, remove your battery if possible, and hold the power button for a few seconds (15 to 20 seconds are enough). Then, reinsert your Li-ion battery and charge it again.

4. Apply a controlled overcharge

If your lithium-ion battery is not charging properly, applying a controlled overcharge may be a good solution. To do this, you need to connect a charger for a shorter period that supplies a higher voltage than your battery usually needs. Remember to apply a controlled overcharge carefully. Otherwise, overcharging may damage your lithium-ion battery.

5. Freeze the battery

Placing your battery in the freezer for a couple of hours may also be a potential solution to revive the battery and restore its proper charging. Don't forget to pack your battery in a sealed bag before you place it in the freezer.

When you place the battery in the freezer, the low temperature inside stabilizes the chemical reactions and restores its ability to hold the charge temporarily. Though freezing lithium-ion batteries can restore their charging ability, it can be dangerous if not done properly.

6. Replace the battery

If you have performed all the steps listed above and you are still unable to charge the battery, there may be a problem with the battery itself. In such cases, it is recommended to contact a professional technician or the manufacturer to get assistance on the battery replacement.

If you want to replace the existing battery, make sure the new one is highly compatible with the device you are purchasing it for. Incompatible or incorrect batteries may cause safety issues.

Best practices for avoiding lithium battery charging issues

Now that you know how to fix a lithium battery not charging. Let's look at the best practices to avoid charging issues associated with lithium batteries. There are two major considerations: using compatible battery chargers and storing batteries in ideal conditions. Let's explore both one by one.

1. Use compatible battery chargers

Always use battery chargers and cables that are highly compatible with your batteries. Doing this will help you avoid a series of charging-related issues. Third-party accessories that are incompatible with your batteries may damage them and greatly reduce their lifespan. Especially if you want to charge your LiFePO4 battery, never use a regular charger.

2. Store batteries in ideal conditions

Proper handling and storage of lithium batteries enhance overall performance and maximize their lifespan. Always select a dry and cool place to store your batteries. It will help you protect them from moisture and extreme temperatures. Moreover, ensure to avoid any sort of physical damage.

FAQs about charging lithium batteries

Can a completely dead lithium battery be recharged?

Yes. Sometimes, you can recharge a completely dead lithium battery. But remember, it is not always guaranteed. To charge a fully dead battery, use a compatible charger to charge at a low current, use a battery reconditioner, and warm up the battery.

How do I know if my lithium battery is bad?

Different signs that confirm your lithium battery has gone bad include physical damage, inconsistent charging behavior, excessive heat production during charging, unusual smell, unexpected power-offs, longer charge time, shorter lifespan, and more.

How long can a lithium battery sit dead?

A lithium battery can sit dead for a long period if you don't charge it. Actually, it depends on the storage conditions. If you have stored your battery in a cool, dry place, it can last for up to 6 to 12 months with no noticeable degradation.

Conclusion

If you are worried about your lithium battery not charging, you will be happy to see that this issue can easily be resolved if you know the potential reasons behind it. Once you are familiar with the causes, troubleshooting, and fixing becomes a lot easier.

To ensure you get the maximum out of a lithium battery, and that it lasts for an extended period, always use a compatible charger designed specifically for the battery's chemistry. Device updates and proper storage are also incredible preventive measures.

If you still experience charging issues with your lithium batteries, seek professional assistance for optimal performance and added safety.